Spin-scan Auroral Imaging (SAI)
Publications

  1. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, The Temporal Evolution of a Small Auroral Substorm as Viewed from High Altitudes with Dynamics Explorer 1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 465-468, 1985.
  2. de la Beaujardiere, O., V. B. Wickwar, G. Caudal, J. M. Holt, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, L. H. Brace, D. S. Evans, J. D. Winningham and R. A. Heelis, Universal Time Dependence of Nighttime F-Region Densities at High Latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4319-4332, 1985.
  3. Frank, L. A., J. D. Craven and R. L. Rairden, Images of the Earth's Aurora and Geocorona from the Dynamics Explorer Mission, Adv. Space Res., 5, No. 4, 53-68, 1985.
  4. Keating, G. M., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, D. F. Young and P. K. Bhartia, Initial Results from the DE-1 Ozone Imaging Instrumentation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 593-596, 1985.
  5. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank, R. L. Rairden and M. R. Dvorsky, The Hydrogen Coma of Comet Halley before Perihelion: Preliminary Observations with Dynamics Explorer 1, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 873-876, 1986.
  6. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank, C. T. Russell, E. J. Smith and R. P. Lepping, The Global Auroral Response to Magnetospheric Compressions by Shocks in the Solar Wind: Two Case Studies, in Solar Wind - Magnetospheric Coupling, ed. by Y. Kamide and J. A. Slavin, Terra Scientific Publ. Co., Tokyo, pp. 367-380, 1986.
  7. Frank, L. A., J. D. Craven, D. A. Gurnett, S. D. Shawhan, D. R. Weimer, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, C. R. Chappell, J. H. Waite, R. A. Heelis, N. C. Maynard, M. Sugiura, W. K. Peterson and E. G. Shelley, The Theta Aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 3177-3224, 1986.
  8. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, I. Observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 303-306, 1986.
  9. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 307-310, 1986.
  10. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by Thomas M. Donahue, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 559-560, 1986.
  11. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by David Perry Rubincam, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 703-704, 1986.
  12. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by Christopher P. McKay, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 979-980, 1986.
  13. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by W. B. Hanson, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 985-988, 1986.
  14. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, I. Observations' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by T. A. Chubb, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1079- 1082, 1986.
  15. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by P. M. Davis and by Y. Nakamura, J. Oberst, S. M. Clifford and B. G. Bills, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1186-1189, 1986.
  16. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by Donald E. Morris, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1484-1486, 1986.
  17. Horwitz, J. L., S. Menteer, J. Turnley, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, C. R. Chappell, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and D. W. Slater, Plasma Boundaries in the Inner Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8861-8882, 1986.
  18. Kamide, Y., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, B.-H. Ahn and S.-I. Akasofu, Modeling Substorm Current Systems Using Conductivity Distributions Inferred from DE Auroral Images, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11,235-11,256, 1986.
  19. Rairden, R. L., L. A. Frank and J. D. Craven, Geocoronal Imaging with Dynamics Explorer, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,613-13,630, 1986.
  20. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Atomic Hydrogen Production Rates for Comet P/Halley from Observations with Dynamics Explorer 1, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 351-356, 1987.
  21. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Latitudinal Motions of the Aurora During Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4565-4573, 1987.
  22. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by S. Soter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 164- 167, 1987.
  23. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, I. Observations and II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by B. L. Cragin, W. B. Hanson, R. R. Hodges and D. Zuccaro, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 577-580, 1987.
  24. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'On the Influx of Small Comets into the Earth's Upper Atmosphere, II. Interpretation' by L. A. Frank, J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven" by J. T. Wasson and F. T. Kyte, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 781-782, 1987.
  25. Baker, D. N., J. D. Craven, R. C. Elphic, D. H. Fairfield, L. A. Frank, H. J. Singer, J. A. Slavin, I. G. Richardson, C. J. Owen and R. D. Zwickl, The CDAW-8 Substorm Event on 28 January 1983: A Detailed Global Study, Adv. Space Res., 8, (9)113- (9)118, 1988.
  26. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Atomic Hydrogen Production Rates for Comet P/Halley from Observations with Dynamics Explorer 1, in Exploration of Halley's Comet, ed. by M. Grewing, F. Praderie and R. Reinhard, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988.
  27. Eastman, T. E., G. Rostoker, L. A. Frank, C. Y. Huang and D. G. Mitchell, Boundary Layer Dynamics in the Description of Magnetospheric Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14411-14432, 1988.
  28. Elphic, R. C., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and M. Sugiura, A Study of Field-aligned Currents Observed at High and Low Altitudes in the Nightside Magnetosphere, Physica Scripta, 37, 443-446, 1988.
  29. Frank, L. A., Dynamics of the Near-Earth Magnetotail - Recent Observations, in Modeling Magnetospheric Plasma, ed. by T. E. Moore and J. H. Waite, AGU Geophysical Monograph 44, pp. 261-276, Washington, D. C., 1988.
  30. Frank, L. A. and J. D. Craven, Imaging Results from Dynamics Explorer 1, Rev. Geophys., 26, 249-283, 1988.
  31. Hoffman, R. A., M. Sugiura, N. C. Maynard, R. M. Candey, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Electrodynamic Patterns in the Polar Region During Periods of Extreme Magnetic Quiescence, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14515-14541, 1988.
  32. Huff, R. L., W. Calvert, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and D. A. Gurnett, Mapping of Auroral Kilometric Radiation Sources to the Aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 11445- 11454, 1988.
  33. Killeen, T. L., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J.-J. Ponthieu, N. W. Spencer, R. A. Heelis, L. H. Brace, R. G. Roble, P. B. Hays and G. R. Carignan, On the Relationship Between Dynamics of the Polar Thermosphere and Morphology of the Aurora: Global Scale Observations From Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2675-2692, 1988.
  34. Pellinen, R. J., O. A. Aulamo, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and J. S. Murphree, On the Use of Topside Auroral Images Together with Various Ground-Based Data to Study Local and Global Auroral Development, in Progress in Atmospheric Physics, R. Rodrigo et al. (eds.), pp. 197-211, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
  35. Rees, M. H., D. Lummerzheim, R. G. Roble, J. D. Winningham, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Auroral Energy Deposition Rate, Characteristic Electron Energy, and Ionospheric Parameters Derived From Dynamics Explorer 1 Images, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12841-12860, 1988.
  36. Reiff, P. H., H. L. Collin, J. D. Craven, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, E. G. Shelley, L. A. Frank and M. A. Friedman, Determination of Auroral Electrostatic Potentials Using High- and Low-Altitude Particle Distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7441- 7465, 1988.
  37. Rice, D. D., R. D. Hunsucker, L. J. Lanzerotti, G. Crowley, P. J. S. Williams, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, An Observation of Atmospheric Gravity Wave Cause and Effect During the October 1985 WAGS Campaign, Radio Science, 23, 919-930, 1988.
  38. Allen, J., H. Sauer, L. Frank and P. Reiff, Effects of the March 1989 Solar Activity, EOS, 70, 1479, 1989.
  39. Craven, J. D. and L. A. Frank, Diagnosis of Auroral Dynamics Using Global Auroral Imaging with Emphasis on Large-Scale Evolution, in Auroral Physics, ed. by C.-I. Meng, M. J. Rycroft and L. A. Frank, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1989.
  40. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank and S.-I. Akasofu, Propagation of a Westward Traveling Surge and the Development of Persistent Auroral Features, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6961-6967, 1989.
  41. Fairfield, D. H., D. N. Baker, J. D. Craven, R. C. Elphic, J. F. Fennell, L. A. Frank, I. G. Richardson, H. J. Singer, J. A. Slavin, B. T. Tsurutani and R. D. Zwickl, Substorms, Plasmoids, Flux Ropes, and Magnetotail Flux Loss on March 25, 1983: CDAW-8, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15135-15152, 1989.
  42. Fix, J. D., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Measurements of the Diffuse Ultraviolet Radiation, Astrophys. J., 345, 203-209, 1989.
  43. Frank, L. A., Atmospheric Holes and the Small Comet Hypothesis, Austr. Phys., 26, 19-34, 1989.
  44. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Search for Atmospheric Holes with the Viking Cameras, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1457-1460, 1989.
  45. Hones, E. W., Jr., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, D. S. Evans and P. T. Newell, The Horse- Collar Aurora: A Frequent Pattern of the Aurora in Quiet Times, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 37-40, 1989.
  46. Huang, C. Y., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Simultaneous Observations of a Theta Aurora and Associated Magnetotail Plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10137-10143, 1989.
  47. Kamide, Y., Y. Ishihara, T. L. Killeen, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and R. A. Heelis, Combining Electric Field and Aurora Observations from DE 1 and 2 With Ground Magnetometer Records to Estimate Ionospheric Electrodynamic Quantities, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6723-6738, 1989.
  48. Robinson, R. M., R. R. Vondrak, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and K. Miller, A Comparison of Ionospheric Conductances and Auroral Luminosities Observed Simultaneously with the Chatanika Radar and the DE-1 Auroral Imagers, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5382-5396, 1989.
  49. Slavin, J. A., D. N. Baker, J. D. Craven, R. C. Elphic, D. H. Fairfield, L. A. Frank, A. B. Galvin, W. J. Hughes, R. H. Manka, D. G. Mitchell, I. G. Richardson, T. R. Sanderson, D. J. Sibeck, E. J. Smith and R. D. Zwickl, CDAW-8 Observations of Plasmoid Signatures in the Geomagnetic Tail: An Assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15153-15175, 1989.
  50. Sojka, J. J., R. W. Schunk, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. Sharber and J. D. Winningham, Modeled F-Region Response to Auroral Dynamics Based Upon Dynamics Explorer Auroral Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8993-9008, 1989.
  51. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and J. D. Craven, Reply to "Comment on 'Search for atmospheric holes with the Viking cameras' by L. A. Frank et al.," by B. L. Cragin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1175-1176, 1990.
  52. Frank, L. A., J. B. Sigwarth and C. M. Yeates, A Search for Small Solar-System Bodies Near the Earth Using a Ground-Based Telescope: Technique and Observations, Astron. and Astrophys., 228, 522-530, 1990.
  53. Mendillo, M., J. B. Sigwarth, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. Holt and D. Tetenbaum, Project ERIC: The Search for Environmental Reactions Induced by Comets, Adv. Space Res., 10, (7)83-(7)87, 1990.
  54. Samadani, R., D. Mihovilovic, C. R. Clauer, G. Wiederhold, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Evaluation of an Elastic Curve Technique for Automatically Finding the Auroral Oval from Satellite Images, IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28, 590-597, 1990.
  55. Nielsen, E., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and R. A. Heelis, Ionospheric Flows Associated with a Transpolar Arc, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 21169-21178, 1990.
  56. Samadani, R., D. Mihovilovic, C. R. Clauer, G. Wiederhold, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, A computer vision system for automatically finding the auroral oval from satellite images, SPIE/SPSE Conference on Image Processing Algorithms and Techniques, February 1990, Santa Clara, CA.
  57. Baker, D. N., D. H. Fairfield, J. A. Slavin, I. G. Richardson, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, R. C. Elphic, H. J. Singer, C. J. Owen and R. D. Zwickl, The Substorm Event of 28 January 1983: A Detailed Global Study, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1495-1515, 1990.
  58. Birn, J., E. W. Hones, Jr., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, R. D. Elphinstone and D. P. Stern, On Open and Closed Field Line Regions in Tsyganenko's Field Model and Their Possible Association with Horse-Collar Auroras, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3811- 3817, 1991.
  59. Lummerzheim, D., M. H. Rees, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Ionospheric Conductances Derived from DE-1 Auroral Images, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 281- 292, 1991.
  60. Craven, J. D., J. S. Murphree, L. A. Frank and L. L. Cogger, Simultaneous Optical Observations of Transpolar Arcs in the Two Polar Caps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2297-2300, 1991.
  61. Meng, Ching-I, M. J. Rycroft and L. A. Frank (editors), Auroral Physics, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  62. Craven, J. D., and L. A. Frank, Diagnosis of Auroral Dynamics Using Global Auroral Imaging with Emphasis on Large-Scale Evolution, in Auroral Physics, ed. by C.-I. Meng, M. J. Rycroft and L. A. Frank, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (England), 1991.
  63. Sojka, J. J., M. Bowline, R. W. Schunk, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J. Sharber, J. D. Winningham and L. Brace, Ionospheric Simulation Compared with Dynamics Explorer Observations for 22 November 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1245-1256, 1992.
  64. Horwitz, J. L., C. J. Pollock, T. E. Moore, W. K. Peterson, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and A. Persoon, The Polar Cap Environment of Outflowing O+, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8361-8379, 1992.
  65. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, D. G. Mitchell, R. L. McPherron, C. Y. Huang and L. A. Frank, Global and Local Current Sheet Thickness Estimates During the Late Growth Phase, Proceedings of the International Conference on Substorms (ICS-1), Kiruna, Sweden, 23-27 March 1992 (ESA SP-335, May 1992).
  66. Burch, J. L., N. A. Saflekos, D. A. Gurnett, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, The Quiet- Time Polar Cap: DE 1 Observations and Conceptual Model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19403-19412, 1992.
  67. Sharber, J. R., E. W. Hones, Jr., R. A. Heelis, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, N. C. Maynard, J. A. Slavin and J. Birn, Dynamics Explorer Measurements of Particles, Fields, and Plasma Drifts over a Horse-Collar Auroral Pattern, J. Geomag. and Geoelectr., 44, 1225-1237, 1992.
  68. Reiff, P. H., G. Lu, J. L. Burch, J. D. Winningham, L. A. Frank, J. D. Craven, W. K. Peterson and R. A. Heelis, On the High- and Low-Altitude Limits of the Auroral Electric Field Region, in Auroral Plasma Dynamics, ed. by R. Lysak, AGU Geophysical Monograph 80, pp. 143-154, Washington, D. C., 1993.
  69. Baker, D. N., T. I. Pulkkinen, R. L. McPherron, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, R. D. Elphinstone, J. S. Murphree, J. F. Fennell, R. E. Lopez and T. Nagai, CDAW-9 Analysis of Magnetospheric Events on 3 May 1986: Event C, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3815-3834, 1993.
  70. Anderson, P. C., W. B. Hanson, R. A. Heelis, J. D. Craven, D. N. Baker and L. A. Frank, A Proposed Production Model of Rapid Subauroral Ion Drifts and Their Relationship to Substorm Evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6069-6078, 1993.
  71. Frank, L. A. and J. B. Sigwarth, Atmospheric Holes and Small Comets, Rev. Geophys., 31, 1-28, 1993.
  72. Ishii, M., T. Iyemori, K. Kimura, M. Sugiura, J. A. Slavin, J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank and J. D. Winningham, Quantitative Relationship Between the Auroral Luminosity and the Ionospheric Conductivity in the Polar Regions, submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 1993.
  73. Yahnin, A., M. V. Malkov, V. A. Sergeev, R. J. Pellinen, O. Aulamo, S. Vennerström, E. Friis-Christensen, K. Lassen, C. Danielsen, J. D. Craven, C. Deehr and L. A. Frank, Features of Steady Magnetospheric Convection, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4039- 4051, 1994.
  74. Fujii, R., R. A. Hoffman, P. C. Anderson, J. D. Craven, M. Sugiura, L. A. Frank and N. C. Maynard, Electrodynamic Parameters in the Nighttime Sector During Auroral Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6093-6112, 1994.
  75. Craven, J. D., A. C. Nicholas, L. A. Frank, D. J. Strickland and T. J. Immel, Variations in the FUV Dayglow After Intense Auroral Activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2793-2796, 1994.
  76. Weimer, D. R., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, W. B. Hanson, N. C. Maynard, R. A. Hoffman and J. A. Slavin, Satellite Measurements Through the Center of a Substorm Surge, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23,639-23,649, 1994.
  77. Craven, J. D., L. A. Frank and C. T. Russell, Motion of the Auroral Bulge's Poleward Boundary in the Substorm Recovery Phase, in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Substorms, eds. J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven and S.-I. Akasofu, pp. 305-311, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1994.
  78. Weimer, D. R., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, W. B. Hanson and J. A. Slavin, Electric Fields and Currents Associated With a Substorm Surge, in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Substorms, eds. J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven and S.-I. Akasofu, pp. 455-460, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1994.
  79. Meier, R. R., R. Cox, D. J. Strickland, J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Interpretation of Dynamics Explorer Far UV Images of the Quiet Time Thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5777-5794, 1995.
  80. Pulkkinen, T. I., D. N. Baker, R. J. Pellinen, J. S. Murphree and L. A. Frank, Mapping of the Auroral Oval and Individual Arcs During Substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,987-21,994, 1995.
  81. Nicholas, A. C., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, A Survey of Large-Scale Variations in Thermospheric Oxygen Column Density with Magnetic Activity as Inferred from Observations of the FUV Dayglow, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4493-4510, 1997.
  82. Greenwald, R. A., J. M. Ruohoniemi, W. A. Bristow, G. J. Sofko, J.-P. Villain, A. Huuskonen, S. Kokubun and L. A. Frank, Mesoscale Dayside Convection Vortices and Their Relation to Substorm Phase, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,697- 21,713, 1996.
  83. Immel, T. J., J. D. Craven and L. A. Frank, Influence of IMF By on Large-Scale Decreases of O Column Density at Middle Latitudes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 725- 737, 1997.
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